THE AQUARIUM

Selecting the Aquarium

The type and size of an aquarium depend on available space, cost, and the needs of the fish. Keep in mind that larger tanks are generally easier to maintain than smaller ones. This is because they provide greater water volume for waste dispersal, more surface area for biological filtration, and a more stable environment. For example, the temperature of a 10-gallon tank can fluctuate rapidly due to sunlight exposure or a cold night, whereas a 55-gallon tank maintains a more consistent temperature. Additionally, larger tanks tend to have more stable pH levels, making them more forgiving for beginners. Therefore, first-time aquarists should choose the largest tank they can reasonably accommodate in terms of both space and budget.

Choosing the Tank Location

The first consideration when selecting a tank location is ensuring that the surface can support its weight. Water is heavy, weighing approximately 8 lbs per gallon (about 1 kg/L). For example, a 20-gallon tank weighs over 160 pounds—excluding gravel, rocks, and decorations. Once a structurally sound location is identified, ensure the area meets other important criteria. The tank should be positioned away from direct sunlight, which can promote excessive algae growth and cause temperature fluctuations. Avoid placing it near windows or doors where drafts could cool the water. Similarly, keep it away from heat sources such as stoves, furnaces, or radiators, which could cause overheating. The ideal location should also be near electrical outlets for filters, heaters, and lighting, and should allow easy access for routine water changes and maintenance.

Cost Considerations

Unfortunately, cost is often a determining factor in selecting an aquarium. Generally, glass tanks are more affordable than acrylic (Plexiglass) tanks. The price of a tank typically decreases per gallon as the size increases, except for very small tanks (under 10 gallons), which can sometimes be more expensive due to specialty manufacturing. The most cost-effective tanks are usually mass-produced standard sizes, such as 10, 20, and 55 gallons.

Fish Needs

Before purchasing a tank, consider the type and number of fish you plan to keep. Different species have specific space requirements. For example, large species like Arowanas or Oscars cannot thrive in a 10-gallon tank. While it is not essential to finalize your fish selection before buying an aquarium, doing so will help ensure the best possible environment for their long-term health and well-being.


Type of Aquarium

The most common materials used for aquariums in the United States are glass and Plexiglass (acrylic). Both materials are well-suited for maintaining fish, but each has distinct advantages and disadvantages.

Glass tanks are widely available and relatively inexpensive. Tanks from reputable manufacturers are generally reliable and resistant to leaks. However, lower-quality glass tanks may be prone to leakage or breakage, so it is advisable to choose one that comes with a warranty. One drawback of glass tanks is their weight, which can make them more difficult to transport and position.

Plexiglass tanks have become more popular due to their lightweight construction, attractive appearance, and variety of available shapes and sizes. They are also less prone to leaking than glass tanks. However, they tend to be more expensive and are more susceptible to scratches. Additionally, some large acrylic tanks may "bow" slightly over time due to water pressure.

Other types of aquariums exist but are far less common than glass or acrylic options.

Regardless of the material, it is essential to choose a tank with a cover. A cover helps reduce evaporation and prevents fish from jumping out.


Tank Shape

Aquariums come in various shapes, with rectangular tanks being the most common. Rectangular tanks are ideal for fishkeeping because they provide a large surface area for gas exchange, which is essential for maintaining oxygen levels in the water. "Tall" tanks, which have less surface area relative to their volume, are less suitable for fish and require strong aeration to compensate for reduced gas exchange. In general, these tanks cannot support as many fish as shallower tanks of the same volume. Hexagonal and other uniquely shaped tanks also have limited surface area and do not provide as much open swimming space for fish. As a result, they typically cannot support as many fish as a standard rectangular aquarium.

The Aquarium | Plants and Furnishings | Set Up and Maintenance